7 a Small Business Loan Program Benefits
The 7(a) loan program is SBA’s primary program for providing financial assistance to small businesses and is the most widely used loan program of the Small Business Administration's (SBA) business loan programs. Its name comes from section 7(a) of the Small Business Act, which authorizes the agency to provide loan guarantees to participating SBA lenders that work directly with American small businesses. Small business applicants work directly with a participating SBA lender and not with SBA. The loan program is designed to assist for-profit businesses that are not able to get other financing from other resources.
What is 7 a Small Business Loan Program?
The 7(a) Loan Program, SBA’s primary business loan program, provides loan guaranties to lenders that allow them to provide financial help for small businesses with special requirements. 7(a) loans can be used for:
- Acquiring, refinancing, or improving real estate and buildings
- Short- and long-term working capital
- Refinancing current business debt
- Purchasing and installation of machinery and equipment
- Purchasing furniture, fixtures, and supplies
- Changes of ownership (complete or partial)
- Multiple purpose loans, including any of the above
The maximum loan amount for a 7(a) loan is $5 million. Key eligibility factors are based on what the business does to receive its income, its credit history, and where the business operates. Your lender will help you figure out which type of loan is best suited for your needs.
Who is eligible for 7 a Small Business Loan Program?
SBA provides loan guarantees to lenders that in turn make loans to businesses, including sole proprietorships. To be eligible for financing under SBA's 7(a) loan program, the applicant business must meet all of the following:
- Meet SBA size standards
- Be for-profit
- Not already have the internal resources (business or personal) to provide the financing, and
- Be able to demonstrate repayment.
Certain variations of SBA's 7(a) loan program may also require additional eligibility criteria. Special purpose programs will identify those additional criteria. For more information, please visit SBA’s 7(a) Loan Program Quick Overview page.
Nursing Education Loan Repayment Program BenefitsWhat are the loan terms for 7(a) Small Business Loan?
The maximum length of the loan is 25 years for real estate and up to 10 years for working capital, inventory, equipment, or other business assets. The maximum loan amount is $5 million. For more information, please visit SBA’s 7(a) Loan Program Quick Overview page.
| Max Loan Length | 25 years for real estate, 7 years for working capital |
| Interest Rate | Subject to SBA maximums, tied to the Prime Rate |
| Max Loan Amount | $5 million |
| Payment Frequency | Varies, but typically monthly |
| Prepayment Penalties | Varies |
| Max Loan Length | Yes |
Percentage of guaranty
For most 7(a) loan programs, SBA guarantees up to 85 percent of loans of $150,000 or less, and up to 75 percent of loans above $150,000. However, SBA provides a 50% guaranty on SBA Express loans. SBA provides a 90% guaranty for Export Express, Export Working Capital Program (EWCP), and International Trade loans.
Business Physical Disaster Loan ProgramInterest rates
Interest rates for 7(a) loans are negotiated between the borrower and the lender, but are subject to SBA maximums, which are pegged to the prime rate or an optional peg rate. Interest rates may be fixed or variable. SBA publishes the maximum fixed interest rates on SBA’s FTA wiki. The maximum interest rates for variable 7(a) loans are as follows:
| Loan amount | Max rate |
| $50,000 or less | Base rate plus 6.5% |
| $50,001 to $250,000 | Base rate plus 6.0% |
| $250,001 to $350,000 | Base rate plus 4.5% |
| Greater than $350,000 | Base rate plus 3.0% |
7 a Small Business Loan Fees
Fees the lender pays SBA
Lenders must pay an Upfront Fee (also known as an SBA Guaranty Fee) for each loan guaranteed under the 7(a) program but are permitted to pass the cost of the fee on to the borrower. Lenders must pay the Lender’s Annual Service Fee (also known as the SBA On-Going Guaranty Fee) based on the outstanding principal balance of the guaranteed portion of a loan at the time of SBA loan approval.
This fee cannot be charged to the borrower. SBA publishes the amount of the Upfront Fee and the Lender’s Annual Service Fee each fiscal year for all loans approved during that year through an Information Notice.
Fees lenders and agents may charge the borrower
SOP 50 10 and the regulation at 13 CFR § 120.221 contain information on fees lenders and agents may charge the borrower.
Prepayment penalties
For loans with a maturity of 15 years or longer, prepayment penalties apply when:
- The borrower voluntarily prepays 25 percent or more of the outstanding balance of the loan.
- The prepayment is made within the first three years after the date of the first disbursement of the loan proceeds.
The prepayment fee is:
- During the first year after disbursement, 5% of the amount of the prepayment.
- During the second year after disbursement, 3% of the amount of the prepayment.
- During the third year after disbursement, 1% of the amount of the prepayment.
Maturity terms
The term of a 7(a) loan will be:
- The shortest appropriate term, depending upon the borrower's ability to repay;
- Ten years or less, unless it finances or refinances real estate or equipment with a useful life exceeding ten years. The term for a loan to finance equipment and/or leasehold improvements may include an additional reasonable period, not to exceed 12 months, when necessary to complete the installation of the equipment and/or complete the leasehold improvements.
- A maximum of 25 years, including extensions. (A portion of a loan used to acquire or improve real property may have a term of 25 years plus an additional period needed to complete the construction or improvements.).
Loan amounts
Most 7(a) loans have a maximum loan amount of $5 million. However, 7(a) loans made under the SBA Express and Export Express delivery methods have maximum loan amounts of $500,000. SBA's maximum exposure (i.e., dollars guaranteed) is $3.75 million. However, 7(a) International Trade loans may receive a maximum guaranty of 90% or $4.5 million. The amount guaranteed for working capital for the International Trade loan combined with any other outstanding 7(a) loan for working capital cannot exceed $4 million.
7 a small business loan requirements
While the vast majority of businesses are eligible for financial assistance from SBA, some are not.
Eligible businesses must:
- Be an operating business.
- Operate for profit.
- Be located in the U.S.
- Be small under SBA size requirements
- Not be a type of ineligible business
- Not be able to obtain the desired credit on reasonable terms from non-federal, non-state, and non-local government sources.
- Be creditworthy and demonstrate a reasonable ability to repay the loan.
Use of loan proceeds
7(a) loans can be used for:
- Acquiring, refinancing, or improving real estate and/or buildings
- Short- and long-term working capital
- Refinancing current business debt
- Purchasing and installation of machinery and equipment
- Purchasing furniture, fixtures, and supplies
- Changes of ownership (complete or partial)
- Multiple purpose loans, including any of the above
Am I eligible for a 7A Small Business Loan?
To be eligible for 7(a) loan assistance, businesses must:
- Be an operating business.
- Operate for profit.
- Be located in the U.S.
- Be small under SBA Size Requirements
- Not be a type of ineligible business
- Not be able to obtain the desired credit on reasonable terms from non-Federal, non-State, and non-local government sources.
- Be creditworthy and demonstrate a reasonable ability to repay the loan.
Read more about Terms, conditions, and eligibility.
How do I apply for 7A Small Business Loan
You can use SBA’s Lender Match tool to connect with a participating SBA lender. You will apply for your loan directly through your lender. The contents of the loan application vary depending on the size of the loan and the lender's processing method. Your lender will help you determine which documents you'll need based on your individual circumstances. You will always work directly with your lender and not with SBA.
Social Security Medicare Savings Program BenefitsHow do I pay back my 7(a) loan?
Loan repayment terms vary according to several factors.
- Most 7(a) term loans are repaid with monthly payments of principal and interest from the cash flow of the business
- Payments stay the same for fixed-rate loans because the interest rate is constant
- For variable rate loans, the lender may require a different payment amount when the interest rate changes
Existing borrowers
Existing borrowers can create an account in the MySBA Loan Portal (lending.sba.gov) to monitor their loan status, view statements, payment history and more. Payments can only be made using the MySBA Loan Portal for SBA-purchased 7(a) loans. All others can continue to set up and manage online payments at Pay.gov.
Get help
Although SBA does not provide 7(a) loans directly to borrowers, we can help with the process. SBA District Offices can provide you with in-person, online, or telephone assistance. SBA's network of Resource Partners throughout the country is also available to help small businesses.